Virtual Assistant ROI Calculator: Is Hiring a VA Worth It?
It usually starts with a calendar invite you didn’t want, for a meeting that could have been a paragraph, scheduled by someone who didn’t check whether you were already double-booked.
Then it compounds. A supplier chases an invoice you approved three weeks ago. A prospect goes cold because the follow-up sat in drafts. Your accountant asks for receipts you know exist somewhere in a photo roll. And by six in the evening — the hour when you used to actually think — you’re doing the day’s real work, alone, because the daylight hours got eaten by coordination.
Microsoft has put numbers to this feeling, and they are worse than most business owners guess. Its 2025 Work Trend Index, built on aggregated Microsoft 365 telemetry and a survey of 31,000 knowledge workers across 31 markets, found that meetings starting after 8pm rose 16% year over year, that the average worker now receives 117 emails and 153 Teams messages a day, and that 60% of meetings are ad hoc — called on the fly, with no agenda, by someone reacting to something.
Employees are interrupted every two minutes during core working hours — roughly 275 times a day — by a meeting invite, an email or a chat. — Microsoft Work Trend Index, June 2025
Two minutes. That’s shorter than the time it takes to reconstruct where you were before the last interruption.
So when someone asks whether hiring a virtual assistant is “worth it,” they’re usually asking the wrong question, or at least asking it in the wrong currency. They’re comparing a monthly invoice against a vague sense of relief. What they should be doing is comparing a monthly invoice against a very specific, very measurable quantity: the value of the hours currently being consumed by work that keeps the business running but doesn’t move it forward.
This piece is an attempt to build that calculation honestly — including the parts most VA agencies leave out of their own ROI pages — and to explain why the gap between businesses that have solved this and businesses still doing it themselves has become genuinely difficult to look at.
The 11-Hour Tax Nobody Puts on the Balance Sheet
American Express and Small Business Saturday UK survey 1,000 owners of British micro, small and medium enterprises every year for the SME Business Barometer. The most recent round found respondents spending an average of 11 hours per week on administrative or finance tasks — around six working days a month. Time spent on sales and business development came to 3.6 days a month.
Read that ratio again. British business owners are spending nearly twice as long on paperwork as on growth. More than half (54%) say admin actively gets in the way of running the business. Over a third (36%) name their own lack of capacity as the single biggest constraint on growth. One in five works 60 hours or more a week.
Separate research from NerdWallet UK, surveying 500 UK business owners, priced the leak directly: time spent on admin and operational tasks costs owners close to £19,000 a year. That’s not the cost of hiring someone to do it. That’s the cost of not hiring someone to do it — the value of leadership hours converted into data entry.
The pattern isn’t confined to owner-operators. Asana’s Anatomy of Work research across 10,000 knowledge workers found roughly 60% of the working day going to “work about work” — status updates, app-switching, chasing information. Broken down annually, that’s about 103 hours in unnecessary meetings, 209 hours redoing work that already existed, and 352 hours talking about work rather than doing it. Eighty-eight percent of respondents reported important projects slipping through the cracks anyway.
Here’s what makes this a genuinely strange economic situation: almost nobody accounts for it. A £19,000 annual loss showing up as a line item would trigger an immediate review. The same £19,000 disappearing as diffuse founder hours generates nothing but tiredness.
Any honest ROI calculation for a virtual assistant has to start here, with the baseline you’re already paying. Not zero. Never zero.
Why Most VA Calculators Quietly Cheat
Search for a virtual assistant ROI calculator and you’ll find dozens. Most of them are rigged, though usually through omission rather than malice.
The standard cheat is comparing a VA’s hourly rate against a local employee’s salary — not against the total cost of employing that person. In the UK, that distinction has grown considerably more expensive.
From 6 April 2025, employer National Insurance contributions rose from 13.8% to 15%, and the secondary threshold at which employers begin paying dropped from £9,100 to £5,000 a year. The Employment Allowance doubled to £10,500 and its eligibility cap was removed, which softens the blow for smaller employers, but the direction of travel is clear enough. Lockton’s analysis put the additional annual cost at roughly £937 per employee on an average UK wage of £36,000. Xero’s Small Business Insights data showed UK small business jobs growth falling to 1.6% year-on-year afterwards, around half the long-term average.
Now apply that to a real role. According to the Lily Shippen 2026 Salary Survey, London executive assistant salaries run £50,000 to £70,000 with a median of £54,500; the rest of the UK sits at £40,000 to £50,000. Morgan McKinley’s 2026 guide puts the London average at £50,000–£60,000.
Take the London median of £54,500 and build the actual cost:
| Line item | Annual cost |
|---|---|
| Base salary (London EA median) | £54,500 |
| Employer NIC at 15% above £5,000 | £7,425 |
| Auto-enrolment pension (approx.) | £1,600 |
| Recruitment fee (15% of salary, year one) | £8,175 |
| Equipment, software licences, desk | £2,000–£4,000 |
| Year-one total | £73,700–£75,700 |
And that’s before the cost of time. Morgan Spencer’s 2026 market data notes average time-to-hire for EA-to-CEO roles rising from six weeks in 2023 to eight weeks in 2025, with 67% of recruiters reporting difficulty finding candidates with the right skill set and 35% of senior EA candidates receiving counter-offers during their notice period. Eight weeks of unfilled admin is eight more weeks of you doing it.
The second cheat is subtler. Most calculators assume every delegated hour is a saved hour. It isn’t. Every hour delegated to someone who needs correcting is a partially saved hour, and every hour delegated to someone who needs supervising can be a negative one. This is the failure mode that makes people cynical about VAs in the first place, and any calculator that ignores it deserves to be ignored.
What the Research Actually Says About Remote Output
The remaining objection to delegating offshore is a productivity one: surely someone sitting 6,000 miles away, whom you’ve never met, produces less than someone at the next desk?
The evidence says no — with conditions attached.
The most rigorous piece of work here remains Nicholas Bloom, Ruobing Han and James Liang’s randomised controlled trial published in Nature in June 2024, which followed 1,612 employees at a large firm and found that hybrid working from home improved retention without damaging productivity or performance ratings. Not “roughly matched.” Quit rates fell by a third, and output held.
A 2025 systematic literature review in SN Business & Economics, published by Springer and applying PRISMA methodology across peer-reviewed studies from 2020–2024, reached a compatible conclusion for small and medium enterprises specifically: flexible arrangements generally improve productivity, driven by higher satisfaction, eliminated commuting and better work–life balance. The review also flags the failure conditions honestly — inadequate digital infrastructure, communication breakdown, and cybersecurity exposure in smaller firms.
Gallup’s State of the Global Workplace tracking adds a wrinkle worth sitting with: fully remote workers report the highest engagement of any group, at 31%, against 23% for hybrid and 19% for fully on-site.
So the productivity question is largely settled. The unsettled question is structural. Remote work fails when the infrastructure around it fails — when nobody owns onboarding, when there’s no backup if the person is ill, when communication norms are improvised, when the arrangement depends entirely on one individual’s conscientiousness and nothing catches it if that individual has a bad quarter.
Which is precisely the difference between hiring a freelancer and engaging a managed service. It’s not a difference in the person. It’s a difference in what surrounds the person.
The Human in the Loop: Where Pure Automation Stops Paying
There’s an obvious counter-argument sitting in the room, and it deserves a proper answer rather than a defensive one: why hire anyone at all? AI can draft the email, summarise the meeting, clean the spreadsheet, write the social post. Marginal cost approaching zero.
Some of that is true. AI now touches 53% of marketing work on average, up from 38% a year earlier, according to research covered by Search Engine Land — the equivalent of a full working day per week shifting into AI-assisted workflows within twelve months.
But the returns on that shift are not what the pitch decks promised, and the reason is that the audience noticed.
Bynder ran a controlled study with 2,000 UK and US participants, presenting two 300-word articles written to an identical brief — one by ChatGPT, one by a trained copywriter. When website copy didn’t read as human-written, 26% of participants concluded the brand was impersonal and 20% concluded it was lazy. For social copy that read as machine-generated, a fifth of consumers rated the brand untrustworthy.
Researchers at the Nuremberg Institute for Market Decisions found something sharper still. Participants shown identical advertisements — one labelled AI-made, one labelled human-made — rated the AI-labelled version more negatively, particularly on emotional dimensions, and were measurably less inclined to click through or research the product. The researchers call it a trust penalty. It applies even when the content quality is objectively high.
An Adobe Express survey of 1,007 US consumers in December 2025 found 37% saying they trust brands more when marketing emails feel human — even when those emails are less polished. And a 2026 paper in the Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research summarised the accumulating literature bluntly: consumers continue to perceive human-centred content as more authentic, more effortful and more trustworthy, while simultaneously struggling to reliably tell the two apart. The penalty attaches to the suspicion of automation, not to detection of it.
This is where the ROI maths on pure automation quietly collapses. A tool that produces 40 social posts an hour at near-zero cost is not cheaper than a person if those posts depress reply rates, trigger unsubscribes, or make a prospect decide you’re not a serious operation. Volume has been commoditised. Judgment has not.
“AI is a tool, not a teammate. Our assistants are trained to use AI to handle the ‘robotic’ parts of their job, which frees them up to do the deeply human parts: building relationships, solving problems.” — Karen Wessels, CEO, VAConnect
That’s the right shape for the answer, and it happens to be the shape the empirical work supports. The highest-return configuration in 2026 is not human or machine. It’s a trained professional operating AI tools with taste — someone who can tell when the draft is fine to send and when it will read as synthetic to the exact person receiving it.
Consider what that human-in-the-loop layer actually catches in a week. The AI-drafted follow-up that’s technically correct but tonally wrong for a client who just lost a contract. The scheduling conflict that only makes sense if you know one attendee flies out Thursday. The invoice discrepancy that’s within tolerance but is the third one this quarter from the same supplier. The prospect who replied with two words that mean “interested” in British English and “get lost” in American English.
None of those are automatable. All of them are expensive.
The South African Advantage: Same Hours, Same Idioms, Half the Cost
Here is the part of the calculation that surprises people who haven’t looked at the offshore market since 2015.
South Africa’s global business services sector has roughly tripled in five years. Business Process Enabling South Africa (BPESA), the national industry body, reports headcount rising from 65,000 in 2019 to approximately 150,000 in 2024, with sector revenue climbing from US$1.04 billion to an estimated US$2.91 billion over the same period. ITWeb reported that the sector created 26,346 new internationally-facing jobs in 2025 — its strongest annual total since 2018 — with about 90% going to young people. The sector’s stated target is 500,000 cumulative jobs by 2030.
But the number that matters most for a British business is this one:
The UK accounts for 55% of South Africa’s globally-serving GBS headcount — the single largest source market. The US, at 33%, has grown from 1% in 2019. — BPESA & Everest Group, Refreshed National Value Proposition, 2025
South Africa is, by that measure, the UK’s largest offshore delivery partner. That isn’t a coincidence of pricing. It’s the compounding of four things that are hard to find together anywhere else.
Time zone. South Africa sits at GMT+2 — one hour ahead of the UK in British Summer Time, two in winter. There is no handover window, no “I’ll pick that up in my morning,” no waiting overnight for an answer to a question you asked at 2pm. Recall Microsoft’s finding that 30% of meetings now span multiple time zones, up eight percentage points since 2021, and that this is a primary driver of the after-8pm meeting surge. Offshoring to Manila or Bangalore solves a cost problem by creating a coordination problem. Offshoring to Johannesburg or Cape Town does not create one.
Language and cultural fit. South Africa ranks 13th globally and first in Africa on the EF English Proficiency Index. More to the point, it’s a Commonwealth country with an English-medium professional and legal culture, British spelling conventions, familiar business idiom, and — this matters more than it sounds — a shared instinct for register. A South African assistant knows that “I’d be grateful if you could” is not the same as “please do this urgently,” and knows which one your client needs to receive.
Cost. BPESA’s 2025 national value proposition puts fully-loaded South African wages 55–65% below equivalent US and UK roles. Published rate comparisons put UK-based virtual assistants at £25–£45+ per hour against £10–£20 for South African providers — a 40–60% saving.
Quality, not just price. This is the part that separates South Africa from the cheapest-bid markets. Industry analysis citing BPESA and InvestSA data puts customer experience quality from South African delivery at approximately 18% better than competitor offshore markets, with higher first-contact resolution. In the Ryan Strategic Advisory Offshore CX Delivery Survey, South Africa has ranked first among US and Australian buyers in consecutive annual rounds.
The UK context makes this sharper. Employer NIC at 15%, minimum wage increases, and incoming employment rights legislation are all pushing the cost of a British desk upward at exactly the moment a South African desk delivers overlapping hours, native-standard English and a measurably better quality profile than the traditional offshore alternatives.
That’s not a cost-cutting decision. That’s an arbitrage that hasn’t closed yet.
Running the Numbers: A Real ROI Calculation
Enough context. Here’s the actual model.
The formula is straightforward:
ROI = (Value of reclaimed hours − Total cost of the VA) ÷ Total cost of the VA
The hard part is the first term, because most people undervalue their own time by a factor of three. The correct input is not what you’d pay someone to do the admin. It’s what you generate per hour when you’re doing the work only you can do — closing, pitching, building, deciding.
Let’s use the Amex figure of 11 hours a week, which comes to roughly 500 hours a year, and run it against three delegation models.
Scenario One: Do It Yourself
Cash cost: £0. Actual cost: approximately £19,000 a year in leadership hours (NerdWallet), plus opportunity cost, plus whatever the deals you didn’t chase were worth. Add the Asana finding that 209 hours a year go to redoing work that already existed — a number that gets worse, not better, when a single overloaded person is the only one holding context.
There’s also a compounding cost that resists quantification but shows up in every founder forum eventually. On Blind and Hacker News, the recurring refrain from people running teams is some version of doing my actual work has become a second job — several describe blocking two-hour morning windows purely to protect any deep work at all, and one product manager, on four to five hours of daily back-to-back calls, described the context-switching as having started to affect their mental health. The Hacker News thread on burnout from tracking ten simultaneous threads of work is one of the more sobering things you can read on the subject.
ROI: negative, and it accrues interest.
Scenario Two: Hire In-House in the UK
Year-one total, using the London EA median: roughly £74,000. Ongoing: roughly £63,500. Time-to-fill: eight weeks. Risk profile: full employment liability, no cover for sickness or leave, and a replacement cost of another eight weeks plus another recruitment fee if the match doesn’t hold.
Value of 500 reclaimed hours at £100/hour: £50,000.
ROI: negative in year one. An in-house EA in London can absolutely be worth it — but only for a business whose founder-hour value is well north of £150, or whose role scope extends far beyond the 11 hours of admin we’re modelling.
Scenario Three: A Managed South African VA
VAConnect’s published pricing starts at $1,088 per month for one dedicated professional — marketing, sales, executive or project management — with an elite executive-assistant tier from $1,688 per month. At the entry tier, that’s roughly £860 a month, or about £10,300 a year, with no NIC, no pension, no recruitment fee, no equipment cost and no redundancy exposure.
Value of 500 reclaimed hours at £100/hour: £50,000. Cost: £10,300.
ROI: approximately 385%.
Now stress-test it, because a model that only works on optimistic inputs isn’t a model:
| Your effective hourly value | Value of 500 reclaimed hours | Cost (entry tier) | ROI |
|---|---|---|---|
| £40 | £20,000 | £10,300 | 94% |
| £60 | £30,000 | £10,300 | 191% |
| £100 | £50,000 | £10,300 | 385% |
| £150 | £75,000 | £10,300 | 628% |
The break-even point sits at about £21 an hour. Below that, delegating admin doesn’t pay for itself and you should probably keep doing it. Above it — which is to say, for essentially anyone running a business with employees or clients — the arithmetic stops being close.
VAConnect’s own published claim is savings of $25,000+ per year versus local hiring. Against UK employment costs specifically, that figure looks conservative.
Two honest caveats. First, reclaimed hours are only worth what you actually redeploy them into; if 11 recovered hours become 11 hours of different admin, the ROI is zero regardless of who you hired. Second, the ramp is real — expect four to six weeks before a new assistant is operating at full autonomy, which pulls year-one returns down by roughly 10%.
Where DIY and Marketplace Hires Leak Value
The failure case is worth examining directly, because it’s the reason a lot of business owners have already tried this once and given up.
The marketplace model — Upwork, Fiverr, direct hire from a Facebook group — optimises for the wrong variable. You are shown an hourly rate and a star rating and asked to make a hiring decision on that basis, with no vetting you didn’t do yourself, no training infrastructure, no cover, and no recourse beyond leaving a review.
VAConnect’s own case files describe the pattern with unusual candour: a founder engages a $12-an-hour “executive assistant,” receives deliverables on time, and then spends more hours correcting them than delegating saved. The cost-per-hour looked excellent. The cost-per-successful-outcome was catastrophic.
The company’s counter-model is what it calls managed, not matched — and the distinction is where the real economics live. Founded in 2008 as Lime Tree Consulting by Karen Wessels and rebranded when it moved to a managed agency structure in 2014, VAConnect has published a delivery figure of over 250,000 hours of work and runs a team of 35-plus internal professionals supporting placed assistants. It positions itself as Africa’s largest managed virtual assistant agency and reports just two negative reviews across that history.
What you’re paying the margin for is specific and enumerable:
- VAVarsity, an internal training platform Wessels describes as “a free Udemy-like platform,” through which every placed assistant is upskilled continuously rather than arriving with a fixed 2019 skill set. Training covers software fluency and the industry-specific soft skills that determine whether an assistant can be trusted with a client relationship.
- Talent Discovery, a structured screening and matching process that tests for skills and for cultural fit against the client’s working style — the company is explicit that culture fit is a filter, not a nicety.
- A two-way happiness programme running satisfaction and engagement checks in both directions: client-to-assistant and assistant-to-team. This sounds soft and is in fact a retention mechanism, which is a cost mechanism, because turnover is the single most expensive event in any support relationship.
- Backup cover and replacement guarantee. If a placed assistant isn’t performing, VAConnect replaces them — the published terms specify no fees and no friction, with a three-month trial period built into every contract. Compare that with the eight-week, £8,000 re-run of a failed UK permanent hire.
- A wellness programme (Atomic Energy) covering physical and mental support, plus performance and accountability coaching.
Every one of those items exists on the invoice of an in-house hire too. They’re just unbundled, unlabelled and paid for by you in HR time, management attention, and the cost of things going wrong.
The published match timeline is roughly two weeks, against the eight-week UK average. In pure ROI terms, that’s six additional weeks of reclaimed capacity in year one — worth about £5,700 at a £100 hourly value, which is more than half the annual cost of the entry tier.
The First 90 Days: What to Measure
An ROI calculation that stops at signature is a forecast, not a return. Track these from week one, or you won’t know what you bought.
Hours actually reclaimed. Not hours delegated — hours you no longer touch. If you’re still reviewing every output at week eight, the delegation hasn’t completed and something in the brief is wrong.
Rework rate. The percentage of deliverables requiring substantive correction. Should fall below 10% by week six. If it doesn’t, the issue is either scoping or match, and both are fixable — but only if you’re measuring.
Response latency on the things that were slipping. Invoice chase times. Lead follow-up times. The proposal that used to take four days. These are the numbers that convert into revenue and they move faster than anything else.
Meetings you no longer attend. Given Microsoft’s finding that 60% of meetings are ad hoc and one in ten is scheduled at the last minute, a competent assistant managing your calendar defensively should visibly shrink your week. If it hasn’t by day 60, they aren’t being given the authority to say no on your behalf.
Where the reclaimed hours went. The most common way a good VA arrangement fails to produce ROI is that the freed capacity silently refills with different low-value work. Decide in advance what the 11 hours are for. Then check.
The Gap Is Wider Than It Should Be
The uncomfortable conclusion, having run all of this, is that the two groups aren’t converging. They’re separating.
On one side: businesses where the founder still spends six working days a month on admin, twice what they spend on growth, absorbing a £19,000 annual loss that appears on no statement, working evenings because that’s the only quiet time available, and losing 275 interruptions a day to a coordination load nobody owns. Their capacity is fixed at the ceiling of one exhausted person’s attention.
On the other: businesses that bought 500 hours a year for around £10,000, with GMT+2 overlap, native-standard English, a training programme behind the person, a replacement guarantee in front of them, and AI tools operated by someone with the judgment to know when the draft is fine and when it will read as synthetic to the person receiving it.
The first group is not lazier or less capable. They’re running the wrong calculation — comparing an invoice against zero, when the real comparison is an invoice against £19,000 and rising. Meanwhile the second group is compounding: every reclaimed hour goes into sales, product or strategy, which generates more work, which is absorbed by an assistant who now knows the business, which frees more hours.
Twelve months of that compounding is a competitive gap. Twenty-four is a structural one.
The market repriced while a lot of people weren’t looking. South African GBS revenue nearly tripled between 2019 and 2024. The UK became its largest source market. Employer NIC went to 15%. Consumers started penalising content that reads as machine-made. And a managed executive-level assistant in the same time zone, speaking the same professional English, became available for roughly a sixth of the fully-loaded cost of the London equivalent.
Whether hiring a VA is “worth it” was a reasonable question in 2019. In 2026 the numbers have moved far enough that the more useful question is what it’s costing you not to.
Comparative Summary: Three Models, Same Workload
| DIY Coordination | Generic Freelancer | VAConnect (Managed) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Annual cash cost | £0 | ~£5,600–£9,000 | From ~£10,300 (entry tier) |
| True annual cost | ~£19,000 in leadership hours | £5,600 cash + supervision, rework, churn | Invoice only — no hidden layer |
| Time to productive output | Immediate, permanently constrained | 1–2 weeks to hire, 8–12 weeks to reliability (if it holds) | ~2 weeks to match; 4–6 weeks to full autonomy |
| Vetting | None | Self-service; star ratings and a CV | Skills-tested, culture-matched via Talent Discovery |
| Training | None | Whatever they had when you found them | Continuous, via VAVarsity |
| Time zone overlap with UK | Full | Variable — often 5–12 hours offset | GMT+2: 1–2 hours, full working-day overlap |
| English and cultural register | Native | Highly variable | Commonwealth English; UK business idiom; EF EPI rank 13 |
| Cover for illness or leave | None — work stops | None — work stops | Backup cover included |
| If it isn’t working | Nothing changes | Rehire, re-onboard, absorb the loss | Replaced at no fee; 3-month trial period |
| AI usage | Ad hoc, unsupervised | Unknown, often undisclosed | Human-in-the-loop: AI for the mechanical, judgment for the rest |
| Employment liability | N/A | Contractor status risk, IR35 questions | None — managed service |
| Scalability | Capped at your ceiling | Linear, one hire at a time | Expands and contracts with demand; multi-VA teams available |
| Typical ROI at £100/hr | Negative | Highly variable; frequently negative once rework is counted | ~385% |
Sources
- Microsoft WorkLab, Breaking Down the Infinite Workday, Work Trend Index Special Report, June 2025 (Microsoft 365 telemetry; Edelman DXI survey of 31,000 knowledge workers across 31 markets)
- American Express & Small Business Saturday UK, SME Business Barometer (survey of 1,000 UK SME owners)
- NerdWallet UK, How UK Business Owners Are Prioritising Time and Money, survey of 500 UK business owners
- Asana, Anatomy of Work Index (10,000 knowledge workers)
- Bloom, N., Han, R. & Liang, J., “Hybrid working from home improves retention without damaging performance,” Nature 630, 920–925, June 2024
- SN Business & Economics (Springer), systematic literature review of remote and hybrid work models and SME productivity, 2025
- Gallup, State of the Global Workplace
- BPESA & Everest Group, Refreshed National Value Proposition for South Africa’s GBS Sector, March 2025; BPESA GBS Sector Job Creation Reports, 2025
- Ryan Strategic Advisory, Offshore CX Delivery Survey, 2024 and 2025
- EF English Proficiency Index, 2025
- Bynder, AI vs Human-Made Content Study (2,000 UK/US participants)
- Nuremberg Institute for Market Decisions (NIM), Transparency Without Trust
- Adobe Express, consumer survey on AI-written marketing emails, December 2025 (1,007 US consumers)
- Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research (MDPI), AI labels, perceived authenticity and consumer trust, 2026
- Lily Shippen, 2026 Salary Survey; Morgan McKinley 2026 Salary Guide; Morgan Spencer UK EA market data, 2026
- Lockton, Sage, Xero and CIPP analyses of the April 2025 UK employer National Insurance changes
- Staffing Industry Analysts, Staffing Trends 2026 and Global Staffing Market Estimates & Forecasts 2025–2030
- VAConnect published materials: vaconnect.co.za, vaconnect.co.uk, pricing and terms pages, and company case studies
- Practitioner sentiment: Hacker News and Blind discussion threads on meeting load, context switching and burnout
Figures denominated in USD have been converted at approximately £0.79 to the dollar for illustration. Cost and ROI models use published averages and are intended as a framework for your own calculation, not a quotation.
